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Course Code: 
PHAR 321
Course Period: 
Autumn
Course Type: 
Core
P: 
4
Lab: 
0
Credits: 
6
ECTS: 
7
Course Language: 
English
Course Coordinator: 
Courses given by: 
Course Objectives: 
The aim of this course is to provide theoretical and practical information about drugs of natural origin.
Course Content: 

a) Therotical part:

The lectures will focus on the chemical, biochemical and biological properties of drugs, drug substances, or potential drugs or drug substances of natural origin.

b) Laboratory applications:

Assays on the microscopic properties of some important medicinal plants as well as the identification of some primer and secondary metabolites in herbal drugs will be implemented.

Course Methodology: 
1: Lecture, 2: Question-Answer, 3: Discussion, 4: Presentation, 5:Simulation, 6: Video, 7: Applications, 8:Case Study
Course Evaluation Methods: 
A:Written exam, B: multiple chose , C:Filing the blank D:False and troth, E: Oral Exam F: Portfolio, G: Contrabution of course activities H:Homework

Vertical Tabs

Course Learning Outcomes

Learning Outcomes

Programme learning outcomes

Teaching Methods

Assessment Methods

1) Defines the term “Pharmacognosy” and the main research areas of Pharmacognosy

1,2

1,2,3

A,C

2) Knows the quality standards for herbal drugs.

2,10

1,2,3,7

A,C

3) Describes primary and secondary metabolites. Differentiate secondary metabolites from primary metabolites. Defines the basic metabolic pathways

1

1,2,3,7

A,C

4) Lists the plant phenolic compounds

1

1,2,3,7

A,C

5) Describes the basic structures of the polyphenolic compounds such as flavonoids, isoflavonoids, anthocyanins, tannins, xanthones and quinones. 

1

1,2,3,7

A,C

6) Lists the polyphenolic compounds containing medicinal plants. 

1

1,2,3

A,B,C,H

7) Knows how to access the recent scientific knowledge about Pharmacognosy and natural products as well as how to interpret, review and present these data. 

1, 2,5,7,8

1,2,3,4

G,H

 
 

Course Flow

COURSE CONTENT

Week

Teorical Topics                                     

Lab content

Study Materials

1

INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACOGNOSY, HISTORY OF PHARMACOGNOSY

DEMONSTRATION

 

2

PRODUCTION OF CRUDE DRUGS

MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF STARCH AND FLOWER DRUGS

 

3

QUALITY CONTROLS  IN HERBAL DRUGS

MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF CALCIUM OXALATE CRYSTALS IN SOME DRUGS

 

4

BASIC BIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAYS PRIMARY METABOLITES; CARBOHYDRATES-MONOSACCHARIDES

MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF OIL GLOBULES, MUCILAGES, AND ALEURONES IN HERBAL DRUGS 

 

5

BASIC MONOSACCHARIDES MONOSACCHARIDES  AND OLIGOSACCHARIDES USED IN PHARMACY

MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF STOMATA IN SOME DRUGS

 

6

POLYSACCHARIDES; HOMOGEN POLYSACCHARIDES HETEROGEN POLYSACCHARIDES; GUMS, MUCILAGES AND PECTINS

MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF GLANDULAR TRICHOMES AND OTHER GLANDULAR ORGANS IN DRUGS

 

7

LIPIDS

MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF FIBRES, VESSELS CORK AND SCLEREIDS IN DRUGS

 

8

LIPID-RELATED COMPOUNDS AMINO ACIDS, PEPTIDS, ENZYMES AND PROTEINS

IDENTIFICATION OF AN UNKNOWN DRUG BY MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION

 

9

LECTINS, CYANOGENETIC GLYCOSIDES, GLUCOSINOLATES AND BETALAINS

PRACTICAL EXAM

 

10

INTRODUCTION TO PHENOLICS PHENOLIC ACIDS, COUMARINS AND LIGNANS

DEMONSTRATION

 

11

FLAVONOIDS

DETERMINATION OF TOTAL PHENOLIC AND TOTAL FLAVONOID CONTENT IN HYPERICI HERBA

 

12

ISOFLAVONOIDS, ANTHOCYANINS, TANNINS

IDENTIFICATION REACTIONS FOR GLYCOSIDES AND SOME SECONDARY METABOLITES

 

13

QUINONIC COMPOUNDS, BENZOQUINONES, NAPHTOQUINONES, ANTRAQUINONES PHLOROGLUCINOLS AND ORCINOLS

EXTRACTION OF AESCIN FROM THE SEEDS OF AESCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM

 

14

SPECIAL TOPICS IN PHARMACOGNOSY (STUDENT LECTURES)

MAKE-UP

 

15

SPECIAL TOPICS IN PHARMACOGNOSY (STUDENT LECTURES)

 

 

16

SPECIAL TOPICS IN PHARMACOGNOSY (STUDENT LECTURES)

 

 

 

Recommended Sources

RECOMMENDED SOURCES

Textbook

Bruneton, Jean (1999) Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants (2. Edition)

Springer-Verlag

Additional Resources

Evans, W.C., (2009) Trease and Evans Pharmacognosy, Saunders Elsevier (16th edition)

 
 
 

Material Sharing

MATERIAL SHARING

Documents

Lecture notes (Prof. Dr. Hasan Kırmızıbekmez and Assoc. Prof. Dr. Engin Celep) 

Assignments

Relevant papers and textbooks

Exams

 
 

Assessment

ASSESSMENT

IN-TERM STUDIES

NUMBER

PERCENTAGE

Midterm  Exam

2

55

Short Exam

   

Lab.

1

15

Lab.Exam

1

30

Total

 

100

CONTRIBUTION OF FINAL EXAMINATION TO OVERALL GRADE

 

40

CONTRIBUTION OF IN-TERM STUDIES TO OVERALL GRADE

 

60

Total

 

100

 

 

COURSE CATEGORY

Compulsary

 

Course’s Contribution to Program

COURSE'S CONTRIBUTION TO PROGRAM

No

Program Learning Outcomes

Contribution

1

2

3

4

5

1

Has national and international up-to-date, theoretical and applied knowledge in the field of pharmacy.

     

x

 

2

Defines problems related to the profession, collects data, evaluates its accuracy and reliability, develops evidence-based solutions, shares them with healthcare professionals, makes necessary explanations to other people.

       

x

3

Communicates accurately and effectively in accordance with cultural and ethical values with all relevant professional groups, especially those working in the field of health, and all segments of society, using information and communication technologies.

     

x

 

4

Takes into account the law and ethics when dealing with public health issues.

 

x

     

5

Acts as a pharmacist with high career awareness, self-confidence, leadership spirit, who is prone to teamwork, entrepreneurial, productive and able to manage financial resources.

     

x

 

6

Based on the principle of pharmaceutical care, Acts as an easily accessible health consultant with a patient-oriented approach and plays an active role in constantly informing the society.

   

x

   

7

Improves his/her knowledge by participating in in-service training and activities in line with the needs of the century and society, takes part in the professional development of colleagues and adopts the lifelong learning principle.

       

x

8

Suggests and manages multidisciplinary / interdisciplinary research and development projects related to pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, medical devices and shares their results.

     

x

 

9

Applies knowledge and skills for the benefits of the society taking part in social responsibility projects.

   

x

   

10

Fulfills the requirements of quality management systems using the theoretical and applied knowledge acquired in the field.

     

x

 
 

ECTS

ECTS ALLOCATED BASED ON STUDENT WORKLOAD BY THE COURSE DESCRIPTION

Activities

Quantity

Duration
(Hour)

Total
Workload
(Hour)

Course Duration (Including the exam week: 16x Total course hours)

16

4

64

Hours for off-the-classroom study (Pre-study, practice)

16

1

16

Midterm Exams

2

1

2

Lab. Applications

16

4

64

Hours for off-the-Lab. study (Pre-study, practice)

16

1

16

Lab. Midterm Exam

1

1

1

Lab. Final

1

1

1

Homework (Assignment)

1

5

5

Final

1

2

2

Total Work Load

 

 

171

Total Work Load / 25 (h)

 

 

6.8

ECTS Credit of the Course

 

 

7