Pharmaceutical Microbiology

Learning Outcomes

At the end of this coourse, student should be able to:

Program

Outcomes

Teaching

Methods

Assessment Methods

Describe bacterial classification:

• List taxon levels
• Define taxonomy and identification
• Describe principles of taxonomy
• Explain classification of bacteria

5, 7, 12, 13

1

A

Explain growth and cultivation of bacteria:

• define “microbial growth” and “microbial cultivation"
• list the stages/phases of microbial growth
• list the types or forms of microbial growth (including planktonic, colonial, biofilm)  
• list the common nutrient requirements
• list the  growth factors
• list the major “nutritional types of microorganisms”
• list the basic metabolic pathways of microorganisms
• define “microbial culture” and “culture medium”
• describe the types of culture media
• explain the value of “pure culture” for diagnostic procedures
• define “colony forming unit”
• list culture techniques and conditions

5, 7, 12, 13

1

A

Describe bacterial pathogenesis:

• define the basic concepts of infection (infectious cycle/transmission chain, infectious disease,  communicable disease, transmissible disease, transmission routes, adherence, invasion, toxigenicity, infectious dose, carrier)
• define the pathogen factors that contributes to host-pathogen interaction (symbiotic relations, pathogenic/opportunistic/non-pathogenic microorganism, pathogenicity, virulence, virulence factors)
• explain the importance of virulence factors in tissue destruction
• describe the pathological consequences of infection and its impact on clinical course
• explain the probable clinical courses and factors effective on outcomes of infectious diseases (recovery, immunity, immune deficiency, persistance,  reactivation, autoimmunity, malignancy, mortality)

5, 7, 12, 13

1

A

Explain bacterial genetics:

• explain basics of nucleic acid function (replication of DNA, chromosome replication, DNA repair, gene expression, gene organization) in bacteria
• describe sources of mutation and variation in bacteria
• describe basic features of bacteriophages and plasmids
• describe mechanisms of gene transfer in bacteria
• explain the importance of genomic plasticity in bacteria

5, 7, 12, 13

1

A

Describe gram positive cocci:

• list gram positive cocci
• tell the clinical importance of gram positive cocci
• describe common characteristics of gram positive cocci
• describe biology, pathogenesis, virulence, diseases, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment,  prevention and control of medically important gram positive cocci

5, 7, 12, 13

1

A

Explain sterilization and disinfection:

• tell the conventional and technical definitions of antisepsis, decontamination/cleaning, disinfection and sterilization,
• tell the definitions of germicide, sporicide, low-/intermediate-/high-level disinfectant, sterilant. 
• classify infectious agents according to resistance level against disinfectants.
• classify medical devices based on pre-market regulation, infectious risk and reprocessing procedure.
• describe methods of sterilization, disinfection and antisepsis. 

5, 7, 12, 13

1

A

Decsribe enteric gram negative bacilli:

• tell the definition of enteric bacteria,
• tell the clinical importance of enteric bacteria,
• describe common characteristics of Enterobacteriaceae,
• describe biology, pathogenesis, virulence, diseases, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment,  prevention and control of medically important Enterobacteriaceae  (Citrobacter spp., Enterobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Morganella morganii, Proteus spp., Salmonella enterica, Serratia marcescens, Shigella spp., Yersinia spp.)

5, 7, 12, 13

1

A

Describe antibacterial agents:

• tell the definitions of antibiotic, antimicrobial, antimicrobial spectrum, selective toxicity, antibacterial, bactericidal effect, bacteriostatic effect, antimicrobial combination, synergy, addivity, antagonism, antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance.
• classify the mechanisms of antibacterial effect
• describe mechanisms of effect and resistance for antibacterials that act by cell-wall inhibition
• describe mechanisms of effect and resistance for antibacterials that act by inhibition of protein synthesis
• describe mechanisms of effect and resistance for antibacterials that act by inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis
• describe mechanisms of effect and resistance for antibacterials that act by increase in cell-membrane permeability

5, 7, 12, 13

1

A

Explain gram negative cocci:

• list gram negative cocci
• tell the clinical importance of gram negative cocci
• describe common characteristics of gram negative cocci
• describe biology, pathogenesis, virulence, diseases, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment,  prevention and control of medically important gram negative cocci

1

A

Describe Yersinia, Francisella, Pasteurella, Vibrio, Campylobacter:

• tell the clinical importance of these bacteria
• describe common characteristics of these bacteria
• describe biology, pathogenesis, virulence, diseases, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment,  prevention and control of medically important these bacteria

5, 7, 12, 13

1

A

Describe Spirochetes:

• list these bacteria
• tell the clinical importance of these bacteria
• describe common characteristics of these bacteria
• describe biology, pathogenesis, virulence, diseases, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment,  prevention and control of medically important these bacteria

1

A

Define Mycobacteria:

• tell the clinical importance of mycobacteria
• describe common and differential characteristics of mycobacteria
• describe biology, pathogenesis, virulence, diseases, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment,  prevention and control of medically important mycobacteria (M. tuberculosis, M. leprae, M. avium complex)

5, 7, 12, 13

1

A

Describe Actinomyces, Nocardia:

• tell the clinical importance of Actinomyces, Nocardia
• describe biology, pathogenesis, virulence, diseases, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment,  prevention and control of Actinomyces, Nocardia

5, 7, 12, 13

1

A

Describe Mycoplasma, Chlamidya, Rickettsia:

• tell the clinical importance of Mycoplasma, Chlamidya, Rickettsia 
• describe biology, pathogenesis, virulence, diseases, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment,  prevention and control of Mycoplasma, Chlamidya, Rickettsia

5, 7, 12, 13

1

A

Describe anaerobic bacteria:

• tell the clinical importance of anaerobic bacteria
• describe biology, pathogenesis, virulence, diseases, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment,  prevention and control of anaerobic bacteria (anaerobic/non-spore-forming Gram-positive bacteria:
• Gram-positive cocci and rods -Actinomyces, Mobiluncus, Lactobacillus, Propionibacterium-; anaerobic/spore-forming Gram-positive rods -Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium tetani, Clostridium botulinum,  Clostridium difficile-; anaerobic/non-spore-forming Gram-negative bacteria: -Bacteroides,  Porphyromonas, Prevotella-)

5, 7, 12, 13

1

A

Describe DNA viruses:

• list these viruses
• tell the clinical importance of these viruses
• describe common and unique characteristics of these viruses
• describe biology, pathogenesis, virulence, diseases, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment,  prevention and control of medically important these viruses

5, 7, 12, 13

1

A

Describe RNA viruses:

• list these viruses
• tell the clinical importance of these viruses
• describe common and unique characteristics of these viruses
• describe biology, pathogenesis, virulence, diseases, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment,  prevention and control of medically important these viruses

5, 7, 12, 13

1

A

Explain general principles of mycology:

• Explain fungal classification
• Describe fungal structure, growth and cultivation
• Tell the clinical importance of fungi
• Describe common and unique characteristics of fungi
• Describe biology, pathogenesis, virulence, diseases, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment,  prevention and control of medically important fungi

5, 7, 12, 13

1

A

Explain general principles of parasitology:

• Explain the classification of parasites
• Describe basic structure, growth and life cycle of parasites
• Tell the clinical importance of parasites
• Describe common and unique characteristics of parasites
• Describe biology, pathogenesis, virulence, diseases, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment,  prevention and control of medically important parasites

5, 7, 12, 13

1

A